Difficulty falling or staying asleep, sleeping too much or too little, nightmares, or never feeling rested can affect mood, concentration, memory, and everyday functioning. CDC data show that 30.5% of U.S. adults reported sleeping fewer than 7 hours per day in 2024, and insufficient sleep is linked to depression, anxiety, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. The cause isn't always psychiatric — anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, bipolar illness, substance use, medications, shift work, and irregular light exposure can all disrupt sleep, and ADHD in particular can push tasks into the night in ways that aren't obvious. Conservative and behavioral strategies are often the first approach, but when they aren't enough, Dr. Rao considers medication carefully — since insomnia driven by depression, anxiety, or disorganized thinking each calls for a different approach, not simply a sleeping pill.